ABSTRACT
Experts have communicated and developed field of study through scientific terminology. However, medical terminologies are no longer used only by experts. As technology advances and society becomes more complex, the public encounter medical terminology more often. Therefore, medical experts need to revise the medical terms in simple and easy way to facilitate communication with the public. Korean Neurological Association has been make an efforts to manage the Korean terminologies in field of neurology. In this paper, we summarized principles of the use in Korean neurological terminologies, and frequently misused terms.
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No abstract available.
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Humans , Cerebral Infarction , Intracranial Arteriosclerosis , Subarachnoid HemorrhageABSTRACT
Wernicke encephalopathy is a syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency whose three typical symptoms are ophthalomoplegia, ataxia, and confusion. There are also rare reports of bilateral hearing loss, which can be caused by damage to the bilateral inferior colliculus or thalamic lesions, or by energy failure of the cochlea. This case suggests that thiamine should be administered based on the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy occurring in malnourished or alcoholic patients with sudden bilateral hearing loss.
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Humans , Alcoholics , Ataxia , Cochlea , Hearing Loss , Hearing Loss, Bilateral , Inferior Colliculi , Thiamine , Thiamine Deficiency , Wernicke EncephalopathyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive and gait disturbance are common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the relationship between cognitive impairment and gait dysfunction in PD has been suggested, specific gait patterns according to cognition are not fully demonstrated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate gait patterns in PD patients with or without cognitive impairment. METHODS: We studied 86 patients at an average of 4.8 years after diagnosis of PD. Cognitive impairment was defined as scoring 1.5 standard deviation below age- and education-specific means on the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Three-dimensional gait analysis was conducted for all patients and quantified gait parameters of temporal-spatial data were used. Relationships among cognition, demographic characteristics, clinical features, and gait pattern were evaluated. RESULTS: Cognitive impairment was observed in 41 (47.7%) patients. Compared to patients without cognitive impairment, patients with cognitive impairment displayed reduced gait speed, step length, and stride length. Among K-MMSE subcategories, “registration,”“attention/calculation,” and “visuospatial function” were significantly associated with speed, step length, and stride length. However, age, disease duration, Hoehn-Yahr (HY) stage, or Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score was not significantly related to any gait analysis parameter. CONCLUSIONS: Our present study shows that cognitive impairment is associated with slow and short-stepped gait regardless of HY stage or UPDRS motor score, suggesting that cognitive impairment may serve as a surrogate marker of gait disturbance or fall in PD patients.
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Humans , Biomarkers , Cognition , Cognition Disorders , Diagnosis , Gait , Parkinson DiseaseABSTRACT
No abstract available.
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Diffusion , Leukoencephalopathies , Pyramidal Tracts , Sepsis , Sepsis-Associated EncephalopathyABSTRACT
No abstract available.
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Brain Diseases , Diffusion , Hypoglycemia , Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) such as anxiety, depression, and delusions affect up to 90% of all patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). NPS is associated with significant caregiver burden and patient distress. Given the severe burden of NPS in AD, it is critical to know potential modifiable risk factors of NPS in AD. This study explores the association between hypertension and NPS in patients with drug-naïve AD. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 149 patients with AD with (n=80) and without (n=69) hypertension. NPS were assessed using the Korean version of Neuropsychiatric Inventory (K-NPI). Affective, psychotic, and behavior symptom clusters were assessed separately. RESULTS: The total score of K-NPI was not significantly different between patients with AD with and without hypertension. Among K-NPI domains, scores of depression/dysphoria (p=0.045), anxiety (p=0.022), and apathy/indifference (p=0.037) were significantly higher in patients with AD with hypertension. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was associated with higher total K-NPI and affective symptom cluster scores. Diastolic BP was associated with affective symptom cluster scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that hypertension increases risk of specific NPS in patients with AD. Among NPS, hypertension was associated with affective symptom cluster.
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Humans , Affective Symptoms , Alzheimer Disease , Anxiety , Blood Pressure , Caregivers , Delusions , Depression , Hypertension , Medical Records , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pterygium excision using a large conjunctival autograft for the treatment of recurrent pterygium. METHODS: The medical records of 120 patients (126 eyes) with recurrent pterygium were reviewed. For each affected eye, pterygium excision with a large conjunctival autograft was performed. The graft was harvested from the superior bulbar area and measured more than 8 × 10 mm in size. Only patients who completed at least six months of follow-up were included. Postoperative clinical outcomes, recurrence rate, and complications were analyzed. Patients with any evidence of recurrence after surgery received a subconjunctival bevacizumab injection. RESULTS: The average patient age was 56.5 ± 10.2 years, and 45 out of 120 patients were male. The mean study follow-up period was 17.7 ± 17.6 months. Most patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcome. Postoperative visual acuity improved from 0.69 to 0.75 (p < 0.05). Postoperative refractive astigmatism and corneal astigmatism decreased by 0.55 and 2.73 diopters, respectively (p < 0.05). The postoperative recurrence rate was 4.0%, and the average recurrence period was 7.4 ± 0.6 weeks. A subconjunctival injection of 5 mg bevacizumab was performed in cases of recurrence; no progression of the pterygium was observed following the injection. Postoperative complications included 2 cases of conjunctival graft edema in 2 eyes, 5 donor site scars in 5 eyes, 13 pyogenic granulomas in 13 eyes, and a conjunctival epithelial inclusion cyst in 7 eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygium excision with a large conjunctival autograft for the treatment of recurrent pterygium produced an excellent cosmetic outcome, a low recurrence rate, and minimal complications. A subconjunctival bevacizumab injection given in cases of recurrence following surgery might be effective in preventing progression of the pterygium.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Astigmatism , Autografts , Bevacizumab , Cicatrix , Edema , Follow-Up Studies , Granuloma, Pyogenic , Medical Records , Postoperative Complications , Pterygium , Recurrence , Tissue Donors , Transplants , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) eye drops in the treatment of recurrent corneal erosions (RCE). METHODS: A total of 47 eyes were included in this retrospective study. Clinical records of 20 consecutive patients with RCE who had been treated with conventional lubricant eye drops (conventional treatment group) from June 2006 to December 2008 and 27 consecutive patients treated with autologous PRP eye drops in addition to lubricant eye drops (PRP eye drops treated group) from January 2009 to September 2014 were reviewed. Major and minor recurrences were recorded and compared between two groups. RESULTS: This study included 31 men and 16 women. The mean age was 44.5 ± 14.5 years (range, 19 to 86 years), and the mean follow-up duration was 14.9 ± 14.4 months (range, 6 to 64 months). Of the 27 cases in the PRP eye drops treated group, there were seven major recurrences in six eyes (22.2%) and ten minor recurrences in seven eyes (25.9%). In contrast, 16 eyes (80.0%) from the 20 patients in the conventional lubricant eye drops treated group had major recurrences, and all patients in this group reported minor recurrences. The mean frequency of recurrence was 0.06 ± 0.08 per month in the PRP eye drops treated group and 0.39 ± 0.24 per month in the conventional treatment group (p = 0.003). No side effects were noted in any of the patients over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PRP eye drops for the treatment of RCE was shown to be effective in reducing the recurrence rate without any significant complications.